x

joint action

uploads/joint action.jpg

joint action 1.聯合行動[戰斗]。2.【法律】共同訴訟。

1.聯合行動[戰斗]。 2.【法律】共同訴訟。 “joint“ 中文翻譯：   n. 1.接合，榫接合處，接合點。 2.【解剖學】關節。 ...“action“ 中文翻譯：   n. 1.動作，活動；行為，行動。 ★ act 指一次所 ...“coalitive joint action“ 中文翻譯：   結體聯合作用“dependent joint action“ 中文翻譯：   依賴聯合作用“dissimilar joint action“ 中文翻譯：   不相似的聯合作用“group joint test action“ 中文翻譯：   測試行動聯合組織“independent joint action“ 中文翻譯：   獨立聯合作用“joint action of antagonism“ 中文翻譯：   協同拮抗作用“joint action of potentiation“ 中文翻譯：   協同加強作用“joint action on small arms“ 中文翻譯：   小武器問題聯合行動“joint action on south africa“ 中文翻譯：   關于南非的聯合行動“joint action programme“ 中文翻譯：   聯合行動方案“joint agenda for action“ 中文翻譯：   聯合行動議程“joint and concentrated action“ 中文翻譯：   聯合和集中行動“joint cause of action“ 中文翻譯：   共同訴因“joint islamic action“ 中文翻譯：   伊斯蘭聯合行動“joint test action group“ 中文翻譯：   聯合測試推動團體; 聯合測試行動組“national joint action committee“ 中文翻譯：   全國聯合行動委員會“similar joint action“ 中文翻譯：   相似聯合作用“similarity joint action“ 中文翻譯：   相似聯合作用“group, joint test action (jtag)“ 中文翻譯：   測試行動聯合組織“joint test action grou(jtag)“ 中文翻譯：   測試行動聯合組織“jtag joint test action group“ 中文翻譯：   聯合測試行動小組“strategy for joint arab economic action“ 中文翻譯：   阿拉伯聯合經濟行動戰略“action“ 中文翻譯：   n. 1.動作，活動；行為，行動。 ★ act 指一次所作的行為；action 雖與 act 同義，但多半指某一期間內出現數次的行動；累積而成的 action 叫做 conduct. 2.舉動，態度，姿勢。 3.主動力，作用，機能。 4.(機械裝置中)有動作的部分；機械裝置[作用]。 5.措施，手段。 6.(演員的)表演；(小說等中的)情節。 7.【法律】訴訟。 8.【軍事】戰斗，戰事。 9.某一地區[場合]內最熱鬧盛行的活動。 10.〔美口〕刺激性的活動；賭博。 a chemical action 化學作用[反應]。 Take (prompt) action 采取(快速)措施。 Accept action 應戰。 An encounter action 遭遇戰。 A defensive [an offensive] action 防御[攻擊]戰。 A-! 【電影】開演! A- stations!【軍事】各就各位! Action of the bowels 【醫學】通便(作用)。 Action of the first impression 【法律】新訴〔無以前判例可循的訴訟〕。 Be in action 行動中。 Be put out of action 失掉戰斗力；(機械等)出毛病，不靈。 Break off an action 停戰。 Bring [take] an action against 對…提起訴訟，控告。 Bring [come] into action 使…參加戰斗，參戰，使開始戰斗，開戰。 By [under] the action of 在…作用下。 Clear (a ship, or the decks) for action (軍艦)準備戰斗。 Go into action 開始行動；投入戰斗。 Line of action 【物理學】作用線；〔比喻〕活動的形式[方針]。 Man of action 活動家，實行家。 Out of action 損壞；有故障。 Put into [in] action 實行，實施；開動。 See action 加入戰斗。 Suit the action to the word 見 suit 條。 Take action (in) 1. 著手，動手，開始。 2. 提起訴訟 (against)。 vt. 古語〕對…提起訴訟。 -er n. (電影的)動作片，打斗片。

joint chiefs of staff

The authors hold that the joint actions of numerous factors such as the upper mantle uplifted zone ( the mantle thinned zone of lithosphere ) , the upper mantle anomalous area ( relatively low - velocity area ) , the uplifted zone of intracrustal high - conductivity layer , the deep fault ( shear zone of lithosphere ) , the margin of the crust - upper mantle uneven masses , the basement uplifted area reflected by gravity high , the magmatic belt and tectonic intersection reflected by skipped magnetic field , control the distribution of auriferous skarn deposits and copper ( associated with gold ) skarn deposits 作者認為，上地幔隆起帶（巖石圈地幔減薄帶） 、上地幔異常區（相對低速區） 、殼內高導層隆起帶、深斷裂（巖石圈剪切帶） 、地殼上地幔不均勻性塊體的邊緣、重力高反映的基底隆起區、跳躍磁場反映的巖漿巖帶和構造交匯處等諸多因素的共同作用控制著含金夕卡巖礦床和銅伴生金夕卡巖礦床的分布。

Within short one year and under the joint action of the market and administration , especially the market , the chengdu newspapering competing severely in the past , has finished the transition from the disorderly competition period to the present orderly competition period by optimizing its resources . the market is now mainly controlled by two newspapering groups which confront and compete each other . among them , one is sichuan daily newspapering group with sichuan daily as its representative , the other is chengdu daily newspapering group with chengdu daily as its representative 昔日金戈鐵馬、戰鼓聲聲的成都報業，在短短的一年內，就在市場與行政合力的打造下，尤其是通過市場的作用，優化資源配置，完成了由散兵游勇、七雄紛爭的無序競爭階段，到如今主要由兩大報業集團間互相對峙、公平競爭，國際通行的“一城兩報”的轉變：一方是以《四川日報》為代表的四川日報報業集團，另一方是以《成都日報》為代表的成都日報報業集團。

The outcomes show that the rational annual volume of water regulation should be 16 billion m ^ 3 under the joint actions of three random processes of annual water deficit of huayuankou station , carrying capacity of the main river and distribution volume of huayuankou and ; the plan of annual water regulation of 17 billion m ^ 3 and 8 billion m ^ 3 is also feasible 結果表明：在花園口站年缺水量、黃河干流輸水能力和花園口配水量3個隨機過程共同作用下，合理的年調水量應為160億立方公尺；年調水170億立方公尺和80億立方公尺，也是可行的方案。

The present paper believes that the media industry of shenzhen should carry out its integration and innovation inside and strengthen its integration and joint actions with other cultural industries outside so that a swift development of its own can be accomplished in order to promote the structural adjustment of the cultural industries and the set - up of a cultural industry chain and finally to lead to a change of shenzhen ' s cultural industries from “ made in shenzhen “ to “ created in shenzhen “ 深圳傳媒業只有既從內部進行整合創新，又在外部加強與其他文化產業之間的融合聯動，才能實現自身快速發展，促進深圳文化產業的結構調整和文化產業鏈的構建，帶動深圳文化產業從“深圳制造”向“深圳創造”轉變。

According to the theories of the energy dissipation of wave - water and sediment movement and based on the bottom sediment load formula developed by dou guoren , a formula to calculate the transport of the bottom sediment , which includes the bed load and part of suspended load , under the joint action of waves , tidal currents and wind - currents is derived 摘要根據波動水流能量及泥沙運動原理，參考了竇國仁推導底沙輸沙量的方法，推導出波浪、潮流和風吹流共同作用下的底沙輸沙量（包括推移質和部分懸移質輸沙）計算式。

This is an important step toward greater cooperation in central asia against common terrorist threats and the instability and horror that they sow . today s action follows a series of joint actions with our allies in the war on terrorist financing , which to date has included actions with the eu , the g - 7 countries , italy , saudi arabia , and now central asia . with the addition of this entity , the united nation s list of terrorists and their supporters who are linked to the al - qaida network now comprises 162 individuals and entities 這是向加強中亞地區的合作邁出的重要一步，以抗擊共同面對的恐怖主義威脅以及恐怖主義分子制造的動蕩和恐怖。在此次行動之前，我們在反恐怖主義籌資戰役中的盟友已采取了一系列聯合行動，迄今為止包括同歐洲聯盟、七國集團成員國、意大利、沙特阿拉伯和今天的中亞各國共同采取的行動。

At present , all provinces , autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government have correspondingly established their own ipr protection task force , and under the working pattern featuring uniform leadership by the central government , responsibility taken by the local government , guidance and coordination by relevant departments and joint action by all parties involved , they are engaged in routine and specialized ipr enforcement work 目前，各省、自治區、直轄市也相應成立了保護知識產權工作組，按照“全國統一領導、地方政府負責、部門指導協調、各方聯合行動”的工作格局開展日常工作和專項知識產權行政執法。

According to the same statement the joint venture follows a memorandum of understanding signed in september by geocapital and the office of the zambeze development plan which outlined joint action in economic opportunities using natural resources in the area of hydroelectricity and thermal energy coal gas agro - industry rail transport ports iron and non - iron minerals real estate and tourism 根據該聲明，合資公司將依照geocapital與贊比西地區發展計劃辦公室贊發辦9月份簽署的諒解備忘錄“可通過使用該地區自然資源，如水電熱能煤炭天然氣農工業鐵路交通港口鐵礦和非鐵礦房地產和旅游”開展“有關的經濟機遇方面的聯合行動。 ”

Abstract : it was introduced in the paper on the basis of the famous tide model of s21hd , the sediment calulation for the design proposal of the reservoir of dandong power plant had been given by the newly setup generalized model of overall sediment which relying upon the data of original observation , and the relative wave model test conclusions and the forecast results of sediment by the joint action of wave and current were quoted 文摘:簡要介紹以著名的潮流模型s21hd為基礎，用新建的依賴于原觀資料的全沙沖淤概化模型，對丹東電廠蓄水庫設計方案進行的回淤計算；引述了相應的波浪模型試驗結論和浪、流聯合作用淤積預報結果。

The expressions of the creep damage is acquired by performing the plexiglas creep test and the fatigue test at the different frequencies . the method for separating the creep damage from the fatigue damage is set up through the analysis . the life under the joint action of the creep and the fatigue was estimated with this method , which is compatible with the test results , so this method is of satisfactory ability in life prediction 開展了有機玻璃蠕變試驗和不同頻率下的疲勞試驗,擬合得出了蠕變損傷計算公式,通過研究,建立了蠕變損傷和純疲勞損傷的分離方法,并用此方法對蠕變/疲勞共同作用下的壽命進行了預測,與試驗結果吻合較好,說明該方法有很好的壽命預測能力。

The main achievements of the thesis include : 1 the model design of abyssal aquaculture cages ; 2 the hydrodynamic characters of the cages under the action of pure current in the states of floating vs submerging ; 3 the hydrodynamic characters of the cages under the action of pure wave in the states of floating vs submerging ; 4 the hydrodynamic characters of the cages under the joint action of currents and waves in the states of floating vs submerging ; 5 the effects of currents and waves on the exciting forces and motion of the gravity cages 漂浮狀態和下潛狀態相比，在單純流作用下，網箱的水動力特性； 3漂浮狀態和下潛狀態相比，在單純波浪作用下，網箱的水動力特性； 4漂浮狀態和下潛狀態相比，在波浪水流共同作用下，網箱的水動力特性； 5

After introducing some basic concepts of agent 、 mas and multi - agents learning , the thesis analyses the research actuality and the future developmental directions of rl and multi - agent rl ( marl ) . furthermore , the theory and related learning algorithms of them are briefly introduced . on the basis of analyses of pursuit game , aimed at the individual action learner , the thesis extends the rl algorithm for single agent , proposes the macrl - cc algorithm . finally , aimed at the joint action learner , a team - stochastic - games - based ( tsgs - based ) framework for multi - agents cooperative rl is defined 文章首先介紹了agent和多agent系統、以及多agent學習的一些基本概念,然后介紹了強化學習和多agent強化學習的研究現狀和未來發展方向。第二部分對強化學習理論和多agent強化學習理論進行了簡要介紹。在對pursuitgame問題進行初步分析的基礎上,針對獨立行為學習者,擴展了單agent強化學習算法,提出了基于承諾和約定的多agent協同強化學習方法macrl - cc 。

First , the development of design method of high building is reviewed briefly in this paper , and the advantage and shortcoming among three - phase design methods are compared , and common various ground models and joint action mechanism are described . second , the application of substructure method in joint action analysis is intruduced . “ finally , the reciprocity of common boxbase form and superstructure form is analyzed through two examples , and the rule , for example , the influence structure internal force degree of ground reversed distributing , partition installation etc . , is summarized correspondingly 本文首先對高層建筑的設計方法的發展作了一簡單回顧，比較了三階段設計方法之間的優缺點，描述了常見的各種地基模型以及共同作用的作用機理，介紹了子結構方法在共同作用分析中的應用，最后通過兩個實例對常見的箱基形式和上部結構形式之間的相互作用作了分析，總結了一些諸如地基反力分布、設置隔墻對結構內力影響程度等規律性，并作了相應的結論和建議。

With the joint action of the q - switched pulse laser of 532nm and continuous probe light of different wavelengths , fast photoresponse characteristic of photocycle of a wild - type br film ( wt3 ) and photoabsorption characteristic of different intermediary in the photocycle are analyzed and discussed . the optical switch action in the microsecond scale is observed in the experiment 在532nm的調q脈沖激發光和不同波長的連續探測光作用下，分析和研究了野生型的細菌視紫紅質( wt3 )膜的光循環過程中的快速響應特性及各中間態的快速光吸收特性，得到了微秒級的快速光開關結果。

The chief objective of the csto at this stage is the consistent adaptation of the organization as a multifunctional integration structure to the changing situation , and the reliable ensuring of the capacity of the csto member states for prompt and effective joint action 雙方認為，東盟地區論壇是該地區多邊政治對話的重要平臺，主張加強其維護地區安全的作用。雙方重申，愿在東盟地區論壇框架內緊密協作。

Topics of common interests were discussed , including bridging the digital divide , standardization and it development in asia , digitization of culture , construction of broadband network environment in asia , and joint action on affordability of internet services 會議討論了大家共同關心的課題，包括：消除數碼隔膜、亞洲資訊發展及標準化、文化數碼化、建設亞洲寬頻網絡、以及互聯網服務收費等。

The best way to solve this problem is through joint action so in 2002 the hong kong and guangdong governments agreed to work together to reduce air pollution . ambitious targets were set for cutting pollution to well below 1997 levels by 2010 因此，粵港兩地政府于2002年協議共同減少空氣污染，并訂定在2010年或之前將空氣污染水平降至低于1997年水平的遠大目標。

1984 latin american countries held the cartagena conference and established a dialogue organ between debtor nations and creditor nations . this was their joint action for postponing their tremendous debt payments 拉美國家舉行卡塔赫納會議，建立了一個債權國與債務國的對話機構。這是拉美國家為拖延償還巨額債務的聯合行動。

In direct suit , current civil procedure can be applied to joint action and individual action . colony action system should use for reference of class action from america 在直接訴訟中，單獨訴訟和共同訴訟可直接適用現行民事訴訟法，群體訴訟應主要學習美國的集團訴訟制度并相應的修改我國的代表人訴訟制度。